Navajo Soldiers World War II Code Talkers

Navajo Soldiers World War II Code Talkers World War II had no deficiency of saints, yet the contention likely would’ve finished on a totally extraordinary note for the United States without the endeavors of the Navajo officers known as Code Talkers. At the beginning of the war, the U.S. gotten itself helpless against Japanese insight pros who utilized their English-talking troopers to block the messages gave by the U.S. military. Each time the military contrived a code, Japanese knowledge specialists deciphered it. Thus, they not just realized which activities U.S. powers would take before they completed them yet gave the soldiers counterfeit missions to befuddle them. To keep the Japanese from catching ensuing messages, the U.S. military grew profoundly complicated codes that could take over two hours to decode or encode. This was a long way from a productive method to convey. Be that as it may, ​World War I veteran Philip Johnston would change that by proposing that the U.S. military build up a code dependent on the Navajo language. A Complex Language World War II didn't stamp the first run through the U.S. military built up a code dependent on an indigenous language. In World War I, Choctaw speakers filled in as code talkers. In any case, Philip Johnston, a missionary’s child who experienced childhood with the Navajo reservation, realized that a code dependent on the Navajo language would be particularly hard to break. For one, the Navajo language was generally unwritten at that point and numerous words in the language have various implications relying upon setting. When Johnston exhibited to the Marine Corps how powerful a Navajo-based code would be in frustrating insight breaks, the Marines set out to join Navajos as radio administrators. The Navajo Code being used In 1942, 29 Navajo fighters extending in age from 15 to 35 years of age teamed up to make the first U.S. military code dependent on their indigenous language. It began with a jargon of around 200 however significantly increased in amount when World War II finished. The Navajo Code Talkers could pass messages in as not many as 20 seconds. As indicated by the official Navajo Code Talkers site, indigenous words that seemed like military terms in English made up the code. â€Å"The Navajo word for turtle implied ‘tank,’ and a plunge plane was a ‘chicken hawk.’ To enhance those terms, words could be explained utilizing Navajo terms doled out to singular letters of the letter set the choice of the Navajo expression being founded on the primary letter of the Navajo word’s English importance. For example, ‘Wo-La-Chee’ implies ‘ant,’ and would speak to the letter ‘A.’† U.S. Triumphs With Code The code was mind boggling to such an extent that not even local Navajo speakers appreciated it. â€Å"When a Navajo tunes in to us, he thinks about what on the planet we’re talking about,† Keith Little, the late code talker, disclosed to news station My Fox Phoenix in 2011. The code additionally demonstrated one of a kind on the grounds that the Navajo troopers weren’t permitted to record it once on cutting edges of the war. The fighters worked basically as â€Å"living codes.† During the initial two days of the Battle of Iwo Jima, the code talkers transmitted 800 messages without any missteps. Their endeavors assumed a key job in the U.S. rising up out of the Battle of Iwo Jima just as the clashes of Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Saipan, and Okinawa successfully. â€Å"We spared a ton of lives†¦, I realize that we did,† Little said. Regarding the Code Talkers The Navajo Code Talkers may have been World War II saints, yet the open didn’t acknowledge it in light of the fact that the code made by the Navajos stayed a top military mystery for a considerable length of time following the war. At last in 1968, the military declassified the code, however many accepted that the Navajos didn’t get the distinctions befitting of war saints. In April 2000, Sen. Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico looked to change that when he presented a bill approving the U.S. president to grant gold and silver congressional decorations to the Navajo Code Talkers. In December 2000, the bill became effective. â€Å"It has taken excessively long to appropriately perceive these warriors, whose accomplishments have been darkened by twin smoke screens and time,† Bingaman said. â€Å"†¦I presented this enactment †to salute these daring and imaginative Native Americans, to recognize the extraordinary commitment they made to the Nation during a period of war, and to at long last give them their legitimate spot in history.† Code Talkers Legacy The Navajo Code Talkers’ commitments to the U.S. military during World War II entered mainstream society when the film â€Å"Windtalkers,† featuring Nicolas Cage and Adam Beach, appeared in 2002. In spite of the fact that the film got blended surveys, it uncovered a huge area of the general population to World War II’s Native American legends. The Navajo Code Talkers Foundation, an Arizona philanthropic, additionally capacities to bring issues to light about these handy troopers and observe Native American culture, history and legacy.

The Revolutionary Visions of William Blake Essay -- church, society, lo

Between the late eighteenth century and mid nineteenth century catholic religion was dependent on the old confirmation in the Bible. During this time there was likewise a rebel against the refined social and political standards of the Age of Enlightenment. While in this period, individuals started to ascend against and question the manner in which their lives were being ran by others, who as far as anyone knows had power which was gotten from God himself. However as of now peoplesuch as William Blake discovered approaches to spread the message of the vile treatment the individuals would get from fraudulent clergyman.As a youngman Blake just attened school sufficiently long to figure out how to peruse and compose, and left aroung the aage of ten. Blake experienced childhood in the Moravian Church (protestant), and saw religion as an early/everlasting piece of his life.Blake turned into an artist and craftsman, utilizing his mediums lorg express his perspectives on certain .Because of Blakes see that the Church of England was a significant oppressor of the normal delights where society can and ought to have, many saw his work as unreasonably radical for the time period.Blake uses repetitive subjects inside his verse, for example, â€Å"The Garden of Love†,†Chimney Sweeper (Innocence)†,†Chimney Sweeper (Experience)†, and â€Å"London†, as a strategy for spreading his perspectives on current strict foundations and their consequences for the general public which breeds them (at that point, and to some degree today). (Tolson 373,375) In the Garden of Love,a storyteller goes on an experience to a spot where he once knew bliss. This spot is currently overran with strict figures, whom place limitations on this spot of joy.Till the point that the delight is detracted from this spot, and the storyteller. Blake utilizes this sonnet to show that the quest for happyness was being impeded by those mind... ...ossession. Going significantly further delight is a feeling, and to have it intends to disguise the sentiment of bliss. By that rationale Blake disguises Jesus. Works Cited Altizer, T. J. J. (2009), THE REVOLUTIONARY VISION OF WILLIAM BLAKE. Diary of Religious Ethics, 37: 33â€38. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9795.2008.00374.x Cervo, Nathan A. Blake's THE GARDEN OF LOVE. Explicator 59.3 (2001): 121. Scholarly Search Premier. Web. 2 May 2014. Lambert Jr., Stephen. Blake's London. Explicator 53.3 (1995): 141. Scholarly Search Premier. Web. 2 May 2014. Roberts, J. what's more, Rowland, C. (2010) William Blake, in The Blackwell Companion to the Bible in English Literature (eds R. Lemon, E. Artisan, J. Roberts and C. Rowland), Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. doi: 10.1002/9781444324174.ch26 Tolson, Jay. Blake: A Biography. The Wilson Quarterly 20.3 (1996): 96. Memoir in Context. Web. 2 May 2014.

What issues of discrimination regarding Women in America since the Essay - 3

What issues of segregation with respect to Women in America since the 1920's have been effectively settled - and which issues have not yet been settled - Essay Example ls or ladies to frame a relationship between two amazing families through marriage and the marriage would be utilized to connote the bond between the families regardless of whether the little youngster that was being hitched was doing so compellingly and reluctantly. Anyway these days particularly in America ladies have been given the command to wed when they want to do as such (Tandon 45). This demonstrates how far ladies have come in order to be freed and to be mindful of their conjugal decisions and choices. Masterminded marriage was likewise extremely widespread in the past where ladies had to wed spouses decided for them by their folks and whom they didn't cherish. These days anyway ladies are given the opportunity to wed whoever they pick thus they are allowed to wed whom they love henceforth presenting the idea of adoration in relationships. Not at all like in the days of yore ladies these days are not considered as the man’s property or as monetary resources. They are permitted to wed who they need and love (Coontz 56). Time has seen the rising status of the lady in marriage whereby in the present current society in America ladies have a critical impact and state in their relationships and are permitted to wed at whatever age they please and they are likewise allowed to leave uninspiring associations at whatever point they please. They are likewise allowed to set up specific principles that ought to be trailed by them and their spouses inside the marriage. Polygamy is one of these issues, since it is being polished furtively by certain individuals in America regardless of it being prohibited and it shows how the status of ladies in the present society is as yet being some way or another sabotaged. Men wedding numerous spouses subtly are sufficient evidence that ladies are as yet being sabotaged in certain social orders and not being paid attention to. Much the same as in the days of yore even today in America the thought of marriage has not changed particularly since numerous ladies are being compelled to persevere through the condition of a terrible marriage as opposed to commend it. It has been found that even today lady cost is being paid

Product Line Study of Wockhardt Hospital by Shezah Salam

About Wockhardt Hospital Group Wockhardt emergency clinic, an auxiliary of Wockhardt ltd. , is India’s driving super claim to fame medical clinic chain with branches in Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Nagpur, Nasik, Surat , Rajkot, Kalyan and Bhavnagar. As partner clinics of Harvard Medical, USA in India, Wockhardt emergency clinics profit by the broad learning and experience of Harvard Medical School and its associated foundations around the world. This affiliation encourages Wockhardt Hospitals to remain at the cutting edge of clinical innovation and procedures, route in front of others. Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai, has become the principal superspeciality clinic in South Asia to accomplish accreditation from Joint Commission International (JCI), USA. JCI is the highest quality level in worldwide social insurance guidelines. With this, Wockhardt Hospitals joins a select gathering of 71 emergency clinics around the world, which have passed JCI’s severe clinical quality gauges. Their devotion to manufacture a patient driven condition through the creation and trade of information is the definitive factor for their prosperity. They continually endeavor to update the information and fitness of our HR by continually preparing with strategies that satisfy worldwide guidelines. Individuals from their clinical group widely travel to probably the best human services communities and showing Institutions over the world to refresh their insight and secure new capabilities to sharpen their abilities. The nature of social insurance administrations at their gathering medical clinics in India is at standard with the best habitats anyplace on the planet at a small amount of the expense in US, UK and Canada. Center Competencies Being a Specialty emergency clinic, Wockardt’s center capabilities lie in the accompanying fields: †¢ Neurology and Neurosurgery †¢ Heart and cardiovascular consideration †¢ Cardio Thoracic and Vascular medical procedure †¢ Orthopedics and Joint Replacements †¢ Minimal Invasive medical procedure Wockhardt Product Line Based on the center abilities of the emergency clinic, Wockhardt Hospitals offers the accompanying profoundly particular administrations known as their ‘centers of excellence’: 1. Wockhardt Heart â€Care An inside for greatness in interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgeries in the nation, it has in its possession a background marked by way breaking methodology, be it the first-since forever Conscious Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Awake Heart Surgery in India. All things considered Wockhardt bunch medical clinics have now have huge experience of performing more than 40000 Cardiac Surgeries and 75000 interventional cardiology systems since its beginning a similar mastery and care is presently accessible across different urban communities of India where Wockhardt Superspecialty Hospitals have been set up and every single one of them have a Wockhardt Heart Care. These heart care are additionally a showing place for clinicians from the sub-landmass and now a favored goal for cardiovascular patients from India as well as from everywhere throughout the US, UK, Canada, Middle East and Africas. As per the Wockhardt heart care reasoning, a life isn't spared until it is completely reclaimed. Which implies that any individual who comes in with a heart illness, isn't mended until they return to their typical life, precisely like it was previously. This is the reason Wockhardt regards medical procedure as simply one more venturing stone in the total recuperating process. Their post usable offices stand declaration to this conviction. Their progressed rehabilitative consideration included devoted nutritionists, dieticians, wellness gear, advisors and our contamination control arrangements; only a couple of activities that see you through the way to recuperation. 2. Wockhardt Brain and Spine Care Wockhardt Brain and Spine claims to fame in Bangalore and Mumbai gives progressed miniaturized scale careful strategies to treat complex Brain and Spine issue. This super strength place is among the couple of in Asia outfitted with most developed Neuro-route and Endoscopic offices to perform complex cerebrum and spine neurosurgeries. Wockhardt Brain and Spine Care has a limitlessly experienced group of Neurosurgeons and Neurologists, upheld by the most far reaching neuro-symptomatic and imaging offices, positions the emergency clinic among the best in the area. Neurological administrations reach out to the most recent in demonstrative hardware, for example, EEG, ENMG, and Video-observing, 1. 5 Tesla MRI and 64-Slice CT Scan. 3. Bone and Joint Center The Wockhardt Bone and joint Care has developed as the Center of Excellence for joint substitution medical procedures and is prepared to treat a wide range of musculo-skeletal issues extending from medical procedures to negligibly obtrusive Arthroscopic medical procedures. The Wockhardt Bone and Joint Care is prepared to treat a wide range of musculo-skeletal issues extending from Trauma Surgery to Minimally Invasive Arthroscopy Surgery. The emergency clinic additionally specilalises in medical procedure for joint substitutions, sports medication, tendon fix, knee medical procedure, spine medical procedure and non-intrusive treatment for recovery. Wockhardt Bone and Joint Care has total innovation and propelled abilities to perform Microscopic Lumber and Cervical Discectomy, Endo-scopic Spine Surgery and Arthroscopic medical procedures, for example, Ligament Reconstruction in the knee, Subacromial Decom-pression in the shoulder. 4. Negligible Access Surgery The Wockhart Minimal Access Surgery Hospital is furnished with High-end innovation to perform exactness medical procedure in this recently evolved methodology of careful treatment, which up to this point required huge cuts on the human body. It envelops usable strategies for the sensory system, ENT, thorax, belly, urinary tract, conceptive framework and joints. This innovation not just limits careful injury, agony and blood misfortune yet additionally abbreviates hospitalization and improves style. Customarily specialists needed to cut wide and profound (Incision) to reach (Access) organs for enormous entry points caused torment, were inclined to contaminations/hernia and frequently rendered poor corrective outcomes. These components were the basic reason for critical mortality and dreariness. Insignificant Access Surgery (MAS) makes it workable for specialists to reach (Access) different organs in the body pits through little cuts (Minimal). Wockhardt Minimal Access Surgery Hospital has obtained total State-of â€the-workmanship scope of endoscopic innovation required for conveying our negligible access medical procedure. These include: Endovision Tricam SL, Harmonic Scalpel, Medical evaluation screen, CO2 Insufflator and a wide scope of high exactness instruments. 5. Hip-reemerging focus Wockhardt gives high caliber and financially savvy hip substitution medical procedure administrations. Their Minimally Invasive Hip Resurfacing/Replacement Surgery: Removes just undesirable bone and replaces it with a metal on metal explanation. †¢ It safeguards the typical bone of the hip †patients can hunch down, leg over leg without the danger of separation. †¢ Everlasting †in view of 35-year history in Birmingham of metal on metal inserts. †¢ Excellent recl amation of full capacity. †¢ Femoral head stays suitable after BHR medical procedure. It doesn't forfeit typical bone during essential medical procedure. †¢ Activity limitation not required after medical procedure, as there is not really any danger of disengagement. Patient can enjoy full brandishing exercises without danger of disengagement. Patients have returned to sports like serious Judo and Squash after medical procedure. †¢ Overall 99% achievement rate †perfect choice for the more youthful or progressively dynamic patient 6. Ladies Care Wockhardt Hospitals Woman Care program is a finish of qualities got from our relationship with HMI, and conceptualized in accordance with the incredibly famous Harvard related Brigham and Women’s Hospital. A 30, 000 sq ft zone is solely committed to Woman care with counsel suites, conveyance rooms, working rooms, devoted to obstetrics, a 12-bed neo-natal ICU and a nursery. Our Woman social insurance programs, other than negligible access gynecological administrations, likewise incorporate preventive facilities (early determination of bosom, uterine, ovarian and cervical disease), Infertility centers and Menopausal centers. Different administrations offered by Wockhardt: †¢ Liver Transplant and Digestive Diseases †¢ Joint Replacements †¢ Women and Child Care †¢ Trans Nasal Brain Tumor Surgery †¢ Urology and Andrology †¢ Obesity Surgery †¢ Dental Care †¢ Surgical Oncology †¢ Parkinson's Disease Surgery Product Mix |Heart Care |Brain and Spine | |A. CARDIO †THORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERIES |Spinal Surgeries | |[pic] | |Microscopic lumbar discectomy or decompression | |[pic] | |Beating Heart Bypass Surgery (Off †Pump Coronary|Microscopic front cervical discectomy | |Bypass Surgery) | |[pic] | |[pic] |Endoscopic discectomy | |Conscious Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery| |-COPCAB (Awake Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery |[pic] |-ACAB) |Spinal decompression with or without combination | |[pic] | |On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery |Endoscopic combination of spine | |[pic] | |Redo Bypass Surgery |Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy | |[pic] |Degenerative Disk Disease | |Valve Surgery |[pic] | |Minimally-intrusive spinal combination and propelled instrumentation | |[pic] | |MVR with Correction of Atrial fibrillation utilizing |[pic] | |Maze III Procedure |Total plate substitution medical procedure | |[pic] |Vascular Surgery |Spinal deformation adjustment and adjustment | |[pic] | |Thoracic and Pulmonary Surgeries |Endoscopic combination of spine | |[pic] | |Adult and Pediatric Open Heart Surgeries |Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy | |Osteoporosis of the spine | |[pic] | |Vertebroplasty | |B. INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY PROCEDURES |[pic] | |Kyphoplasty | |[pic] | |[pic] |Spondylolisthesis | |Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty (both Femoral | |& Radial Approach) |[pic] | Posterior spinal instrumentation | |[pic]

Why Writers Start Blogging

Why Writers Start Blogging There are over 200 million blogs on the internet. You could call blogging an explosion everyone has one. Many writers have jumped on the bandwagon in recent years and fired up their own blogs. But why do people blog? What benefits does blogging offer? Whats the appeal? Here are some reasons why writers blog: To Build Your Platform With a Blog Blogging is an undeniably great way to build your writing platform. In fact, its probably the greatest modern invention for writers. Before blogging, platform building consisted of getting out from behind the typewriter and hunting down speaking gigs. Now blogging has taken the place of the speaking gigs as the number one platform-building tool for writers. The potential reach of a blog post vs. a traditional speaking gig is astronomically higher. The more readers you have, the more chance you have of catching the eye of a publisher. The larger your following, the greater sale potential when a book of yours is published. The question isnt why, but why not? To Make Blogging Friends Blogging also helps connect you to other writers. The blogging community is ever-growing. Many writers value blogging for the input they get from readers and other writers. Without blogging, writers have to rely on friends, colleagues or writing workshops in order to get their work read and critiqued. Now they can get their work reviewed without having to even ask. Because Its the New Journaling Writers used to journal. Carrying a pen and notebook with them everywhere to record thoughts, impressions and ideas. Now they blog. Though public and not private like a journal, blogging has become the daily practice of many writers. And though the personal secrecy of a hand-written journal has its own value, a newly published blog post looks and feels more official. Also, when writing in a journal, you know that the only reader is you. While blogging, you know youre writing for an audience which ups the ante and, for some writers, makes them write better, cleaner and tighter prose.Having an audience and knowing that people will be disappointed if you dont publish a new blog post can also serve as a huge motivation. Devoted readers are like cryptonite for writers block. Because Who Needs a Website When You Have a Blog? A lot of writers forgo building a website and subsequent costs and upkeep in favor of a blog which they control and maintain. Keeping a blog is often cheaper than a website or even free. And instead of hiring someone to maintain it, you maintain it yourself. No muss, no fuss. Because Its All Yours Blogging gives you full control. You write what you want. You publish when you want. Theres no editor. There are no niches that you fit into or dont. There are no rejection letters. All the publishing rights belong to you. Blogging is you taking the reigns and getting your voice heard. For many writers, both professional and budding, this is a huge plus. Its the dream of many writers to enjoy full artistic freedom. To Publish Something A lot of newbie writers who long to be published choose to blog so that they can be part of the published writer community. Its a great way to practice writing and get your work seen. It allows you to access an audience that used to be only for those who had published a book or article. Now anyone who wants to be published, can be. For Professional Growth Publishing a blog can lead to other opportunities whether its a book contract or a job as a writer for a magazine or for someone elses blog. Its a great way to get a foot in the door for those who want to earn a living writing. Few people make a good living from blogging alone. If people are making money from it, its usually supplemental income. Blogging can be more like your writers resume. When youre hunting for writing jobs, including your blog address is a quick, easy way for people to see your writing. To Learn a New Skill Some writers use their blogs informally and without a specific intention or market. Others delve into the mechanics of SEO and conversions. For those who focus on the business of increasing their blog traffic, theyve learned valuable marketing skills. They can apply those skills to their own work, or get hired to help other bloggers. Writers who become blogging experts are in high demand and often offer their expertise for a good price. To Establish Expertise If you claim to be an expert on something and youve written a blog about it, thats usually enough for people to believe you. A blog is a way to showcase your knowledge and background in a certain area. Next time you claim to be an expert in Japanese tattoos or French cuisine and someone raises an eyebrow, just direct them to your blog. To Increase Your Confidence Blogging is different from traditional forms of published writing in the sense that its likely that your friends and family will have access to your blog first. Instead of an anonymous readership, your immediate circles are the ones youre letting into your blogging world. This can be very intimidating and requires courage to put your thoughts and voice out there for others to criticize. It will force you to build your confidence. To Stay Productive Blogging is one of the few beneficial ways that a writer can spend time online. Spending time blogging will make you feel better and more productive than spending hours scrolling through your Facebook feed. Instead of reading what other people think, youre developing your own ideas and opinions. Most people are online to consume the ideas of others. If youre online to offer your ideas, youre in the minority. If youve been considering blogging, surely theres something on this list that appeals to you. There are a lot of benefits to blogging whether its building your platform, giving yourself a daily writing practice or just for the pleasure of having finally published something. Whatever your motivation, blogging has a lot to offer to writers.

Medical School Admissions How to Be Pre-Med and Still Enjoy College

You can DO it. Young Hasselhoff believes in you. As course shopping ends for college students across the country, we asked Josie, one of our top MCAT tutors and medical school admissions coaches, for her thoughts on a common question for future doctors everywhere: Should I Take All of my Pre-Med Requirements as an Undergraduate? As a college freshman aspiring to a career as a physician, I thought that if I was going to get into a good medical school, I needed to pursue a traditional science major and take all of the pre-medical requirements as an undergraduate. However, after taking – and loving – my first-ever economics course, I decided that I would instead pursue a double major in economics and environmental studies and postpone the organic chemistry and physics requirements until after I graduated from college. To this day, I like to take sole credit for this decision, though here’s the truth: my doctor parents strongly encouraged me to pursue a non-science major as an undergraduate (parents take note: this was strongly endorsed by two physicians trained at Harvard – so they hopefully know something, right?). In the end it was one of the best decisions I have made! My parents knew that I could take science courses after I graduated and would spend the rest of my life studying science if I became a doctor, but I would not get the chance to take â€Å"European Art and Architecture from 1400 to 1800† in medical school. (Though please let me know if you find a medical school offering art history courses like this one; I thoroughly enjoyed it.) I am very lucky that my parents were strong advocates of my putting off the pre-medical requirements, as it enabled me to take full advantage of the other courses and extracurricular pursuits that my college had to offer. Many of my friends did not have similar advice from their parents, thus struggled through organic chemistry and physics as undergraduates, to the detriment of their grade in the course, their science GPA when applying to medical school, their work in their other courses, and their enjoyment of their college life. Some even had to re-take the course after they graduated in order to improve their grade and GPA. Thus, in order to be successful in your pre-medical courses, get a fully comprehensive education by taking courses in a wide range of subjects, and especially if you are a college athlete, like I was, or are involved in other time-intensive extracurricular activities, I strongly recommend that you consider other options for ways to fulfill your pre-medical requirements. Here are a few great options: Full-Time Post-Baccalaureate Programs: These programs often run for one year and enable you to take all of the courses required for medical school during that time. They also offer advising for medical school admissions and some may make your admission to the medical school with which they are affiliated more likely. Part-Time Night Courses: Harvard Extension School and other programs in other cities offer evening science courses. You can take one or more at a time several nights a week. At Harvard Extension School, for example, the pre-medical courses are taught by the same instructors as courses offered to Harvard undergraduates. This was the option I pursued and I was able to take classes at night while working a full-time job during the day. My employer even paid almost the entire cost of my courses, so I essentially got to take them for free! Summer Academics: You can take two semesters of general chemistry, biology, physics, or organic chemistry in a concentrated two-month period during the summer. You can either take these courses during one of the summers during college or a summer after college graduation. Although you may worry that these programs may not be seen as favorably as the courses offered in your undergraduate institution, I have seen many friends go onto some of the highest ranked medical schools, including Harvard, from these programs. Plus, there are so many other fun things – interesting jobs, fun volunteering opportunities, and other activities that can make you a stronger medical school applicant – that you can do while taking courses after you graduate! If you’re wondering how you can make this system work for you, consider talking to one of Cambridge Coaching’s medical school admissions consultants in New York, Boston, or online. Call us for a free consult, and we can help you plan your application strategy! ; ;

Discrimination in the Workplace - 1276 Words

English 112 51-A September 27, 2010 Discrimination in the Workplace In today’s society, people claim to be so open minded and tolerant in regards to other people’s beliefs, lifestyles, and appearance. However, in reality people with tattoos are often discriminated against for the way they look. Visible tattoos have a negative effect on finding employment, as well as commission based occupations, and also jobs in the childcare field. Physical appearance should not have an effect on opportunities for employment or career advancements. Employers often do not hire a person with tattoos because they think that their image will negatively affect the company, or they believe the person is not†¦show more content†¦Kyle Reed, a marine that was honorably discharged because of disability, lost his job as a server at a Red Lobster restaurant in Jacksonville. When he rolled up his sleeves as part of their dress code, the managers saw his tattoo and immediately stopped him, and told him he h ad to go home. In an interview with First Coast News, Reed says, â€Å"I’m sitting there pleading with these people saying I can cover this up, I can do this, anything to keep my job and they just turned me away† (1). This guy was attentive to his customers, a hard worker, polite, considerate and well received by his patrons. Having honorably served his country, he should be allowed to serve as a waiter. However, the discriminatory policy prevents it for him, and many other veterans like him. In addition to the difficulties people with tattoos face finding a job, and people in commission based jobs, people working with children also face discrimination because of their tattoos. People feel they cannot leave their children with someone that has tattoos because they think that person is inferior, and unfit to watch their child. One school district in Joplin Missouri recently enforced a strict dress code policy that forbids teachers from having visible tattoos. Prior to t his policy, teachers had been allowed to show part or all of their tattoos that were not usually covered by clothing. For example, tattoos on the forearm or ankle. In an article printed in Education Week journal,Show MoreRelatedWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1588 Words   |  7 Pagesothers with prejudice because of particular features they possess. Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. Discrimination in the workplace happens when an employee experiences unfair treatment due to their race, gender, age, religionRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1205 Words   |  5 Pages Workplace Discrimination Employment discrimination manifests in a variety of forms. The most common scenario is when the employer unfairly treats job applicants and employees because of their gender, race, age, disability, nationality or familial status. Often, employment discrimination that emanates from familial status occurs because of events such as pregnancy. The employers usually take adverse and cruel actions against these employees or rather potential employees. Contextually, adverse actionRead MoreDiscrimination in the Workplace1265 Words   |  6 Pages Why does discrimination occur at workplace? There are multiple explanation for the issue. It can be ranged from generational differences, lack of diversity training, absence of good behavior modeling, and many other reasons. In every workplace, it is consists of different cultural, religious, and social backgrounds. There are different perspectives and conversations that take place at the workplace. An individual’s aspect on race, culture, sexual orientations, gender, and political views is disparateRead MoreDiscrimination at Workplace873 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination at workplace In the USA there has been the problem of discrimination at places of work against people with disability, based on race, sex, religion in almost all quarters and this has prompted quite a number of legislations and acts to be passed in a bid to guarantee the people the access and right to use and utilize all the public amenities as well as get the right and equal treatment as an American. Vivian Pearson (2012) notes that the federal law prohibits the employer fromRead MoreDiscrimination In The Workplace1211 Words   |  5 Pages While the world has unanimously advanced and is more accepting of change, the workplace continues to be a place of discrimination, prejudice and inequality. Discrimination is broadly defined to ‘distinguish unfavourably’, isolate; and is context based (Pagura, 2012). Abrahams (1991) described the workplace as an ‘inhospitable place’ where gender disparity and wage gaps persist (Stamarski Son Hing, 2015). Among other states and countries, the Australian government actively implements and passesRead MoreDiscrimination In The Workplace1423 Words   |  6 Pagesa challenge to the government and employers to find solutions in diversity and discrimination issues. Discrimination may be appeared to be prevalent, this may cause unemployment. Anti-discrimination policies have been employed to combat discrimination in the workplace, however nothing has been done to analyse the policy. This paper will examine whether the anti-discrimination legislation is effective in the workplace to provide a fair working environment. In Australia, it is considered unlawfulRead MoreDiscrimination in the Workplace2033 Words   |  8 Pages Despite popular belief, discrimination occurs every day worldwide. It occurs for different reasons, but is detrimental to any company or individual. The judgments that occur based on physical appearance, height, weight, gender, and race are affecting the potential professional careers of many. Many companies are limiting their full potential due to the fact that they are discriminating interviewees and employees based upon physical traits. It lessens the chances of developing a strong staffRead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination Within The Workplace1633 Words   |  7 Pagestaken to assure that employees and applicants enjoy equal employment opportunity. Discrimination or harassment by any supervisory or non-supervisory employee based upon the protected conditions or characteristics listed above or any other legally-protected condition or characteristic is a violation of the Code of Conduct. An employee or applicant, who believes that he or she has been the subject of such discrimination or harassment, should promptly report the alleged incident to the Owner or CFO. ARead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination Within The Workplace919 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Discrimination is defined as making a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs to rather than on individual merit (definition 2). Discrimination does not just relate to just one meaning but several, and it can be described in many ways. This action is not only offensive but hurtful as well. Denying any individual a job because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or gender is an example ofRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesmake towards gender workplace equality but gender workplace discrimination continues to be an impediment to gender equality. For the purpose of research on gender workplace discrimination, I used four journal articles. The first article, Minimizing Workplace Gender and Racial Bias, by author William T. Bielby, discusses stereotyping in the workplace. The article offers suggestions on how organizations should review their policy and procedures to minimize bias in the workplace. This article only

A Comparison of Women in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club and...

Strong Women in The Joy Luck Club and The Kitchen Gods Wife One of the common themes in both The Joy Luck Club and The Kitchen Gods Wife is strong women. All the women in both generations in each book gain strength through different experiences. These experiences range from a war-ravaged China to the modern day stresses of womanhood. Though different experiences have shaped each woman, they are all tied together by the common thread of strength. The Joy Luck Club portrays strong women. The examples that come across most strikingly to the reader are the women who lived in traditional China. An-Mei Hsu gained her strong will from her mothers weak spirit. In her story, titled Magpies, An-Meis mother is forced†¦show more content†¦Her life has been a series of struggles and hardships, which she has kept from her daughter Pearl. Winnies only companion as a child was her mother, who abandoned her just before adolescence, at the time when Winnie needed her most. Her departure marked the beginning of Winnies long journey with many disappointments and tribulations. Winnies next hardship came when she was forced to live with her aunt, uncle, and spoiled cousins. Winnie felt unwanted and unloved. Winnie is older than her cousin Peanut, but because she is a bad child, soiled by her mothers bad name, she is looked down on. When she became the right age, the family gave her to the family of Wen Fu, who was to become her new husband. At first, Wen Fu was loving and gentle. But as time went on, he became increasingly aggressive with Winnie. The first example of this is shortly after their new union, when they are in bed together. Winnie tells Pearl that Wen Fu was kissing my nose, my cheeks and shoulders, telling me how beautiful I was, how happy I made him. Within the next ten minutes, Wen Fu has turned into a tyrant. He whispered for me to say dirty words, words for womens body parts--not any womans body parts....the kind (of woman) who would give her body to foreign sailors. From this point on, Wen Fus abuse becomes more extensive and frequent. Winnie is forced to search for a way in which to leave Wen Fu and still claim her

The 49ers and the California Gold Rush

The Gold Rush of 1849 was sparked by the discovery of gold in early 1848 in Californias  Sacramento Valley. Its impact on the history of the American West during the 19th century was immense. Over the next years, thousands of gold miners traveled to California to strike it rich, and, by the end of 1849, the population of California had swelled by more than 86,000 inhabitants. James Marshall and Sutters Mill The discovery of gold is attributed to James Marshall, who found flakes of gold in the American River while working for John Sutter at his ranch in northern California on January 24, 1848. Sutter was a pioneer who founded a colony he called Nueva Helvetia or New Switzerland. This would later become Sacramento. Marshall was the construction superintendent who had been hired to build a mill for Sutter. This place would enter American lore as Sutters Mill. The two men tried to keep the discovery quiet, but it was soon leaked and news quickly spread of the gold that could be found in the river. First Arrivals The first lucky arrivals—those who emptied out the California cities over the first few months—were able to find nuggets of gold in the stream beds. The American River and other nearby streams regularly gave up nuggets the size of pumpkin seeds, and many were as large as 7–8 ounces. These people made quick fortunes. It was a unique time in history where individuals with literally nothing to their name could become extremely wealthy. It is no surprise that gold fever hit so heavily. The individuals who became the richest were in fact not these early miners but were instead entrepreneurs who created businesses to support all of the prospectors. Sam Brannans store in Sutters Fort grossed more than $36,000 between May 1 and July 10th selling equipment—shovels, picks, knives, buckets, blankets, tents, frying pans, bowls, and any kind of shallow dish. Businesses sprang up to meet the essentials this mass of humanity would need in order to live. Some of these businesses are still around today, such as Levi Strauss and Wells Fargo. The 49ers Most of the treasure seekers outside of California left their homes in 1849, once word had spread across the nation, which is why these gold hunters were called by the name 49ers. Many of the 49ers themselves picked an appropriate name from Greek mythology: Argonauts. These Argonauts were in search of their own form of a magic golden fleece—wealth free for the taking. Yet the majority of those who made the long trek out West were not so lucky. It was hard work to get to Sutters Mill: California had no roads, no ferries at river crossings, no steamships, and there were no hotels or inns on the few trails that did exist. The trek was arduous for those who came over land. Many made their journey on foot or by wagon. It could sometimes take up to nine months to get to California. For the immigrants who came from across the ocean, San Francisco became the most popular port of call. In fact, after the early decimation, San Franciscos population exploded from about 800 in 1848 to over 50,000 in 1849. The individuals who made their way out West during the Gold Rush met with numerous hardships. After making the journey, they often found the work to be extremely hard with no guarantee of success. Further, the death rate was very high. According to Steve Wiegard, staff writer for the Sacramento Bee, one in every five miners who came to California in 1849 was dead within six months. Lawlessness and racism were rampant. Manifest Destiny An estimated 60,000–70,000 people rushed into an area that had not long before supported 6,000–7,000 Yaqi, Mayo, Seri, Pima and Opata Native Americans. The would-be miners came globally, but selectively: Mexicans and Chileans, Cantonese speakers from South China, African-Americans, French came in droves, but not Brazilians or Argentineans, not Africans, not people from Shanghai or Nanjing or Spain. Some Native Americans joined in the free-for-all but others fled the massive influx of people. The Gold Rush reinforced the idea of  Manifest Destiny, forever entwined with the legacy of President James K. Polk.  America was destined to span from Atlantic to Pacific, and the accidental discovery of gold made California an even more essential part of the picture. California was admitted as the 31st state of the Union in 1850. Fate of John Sutter But what happened to John Sutter? Did he become extremely wealthy? Lets look at his account. By this sudden discovery of the gold, all my great plans were destroyed. Had I succeeded for a few years before the gold was discovered, I would have been the richest citizen on the Pacific shore; but it had to be different. Instead of being rich, I am ruined.... Because of the United States Land Commission proceedings, Sutter was delayed in being awarded the title to the land which he had been given by the Mexican Government. He himself blamed the influence of squatters, people who immigrated to Sutters lands and took up residence. The Supreme Court eventually decided that parts of the title that he did have were invalid. He died in 1880, having fought for the rest of his life unsuccessfully for compensation. Resources and Further Reading Gold Rush Sesquicentennial. The Sacramento Bee, 1998.  Holliday, J. S. The World Rushed In: The California Gold Rush Experience. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002.Johnson, Susan Lee. Roaring Camp: The Social World of the California Gold Rush. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2000.  Stillson, Richard Thomas. Spreading the Word: A History of Information in the California Gold Rush. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006.  Sutter, John A. The Discovery of Gold in California. The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Reprinted from Hutchings California Magazine, November 1857.

Graduation Speech School High School Essay - 1133 Words

Thomas Edison Junior High School Brilliant Minds, Brilliant Ideas, Millions of Light Bulbs Hayes glanced at the poster of the newly opened school. The school had been closed all summer to make way for new renovations to the classrooms in order to make them more technologically advanced for the newcomers. There were some buildings that were still under construction, but most of the main buildings had been finished to reopen to the students. Celene and Hayes quickly made their way to the auditorium where the principal gathered everyone to hear his brief announcement. Upon entering, they saw that the auditorium was packed with both familiar faces as well as new ones. Celene notices a group of her old friends and parted ways with Hayes. Hayes, now alone, looks to the stage where a tall, old man begins to make his way to the microphone. The entire auditorium now grew quiet to listen to the man. â€Å"Welcome back everyone! I trust that everyone had a good if not productive summer break,† the principal began, â€Å"Now, before I release you all to find your homeroom, there are a few rules. First, the two buildings next to the P.E. field is off limits as those buildings are still under construction†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A couple of minute into his speech, the principal noticed that the students and even some of the faculty members are growing restless. He complies with the people’s wishes and concluded with these final words, â€Å"Have a wonderful school year.† And with that, he released everyone to theirShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School934 Words   |  4 Pageslife would be graduation. For many people, graduating from high school is an objective. It takes a lot of time, effort, and determination to accomplish that goal. For others graduation is the end of high school, and the beginning of a new chapter in life. When graduated people feel as if adulthood has begun. In the long run, graduating opens a lot of opportunities for people to thrive. I can almost reminisce the day as if it was yesterday. I was sitting in bed like any other school day. It seemedRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School852 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a report from Thomas Nelson Community College website, 15.7 percent is the graduation rate in 2010. 84 percent of students failed to receive their degree. That’s beyond sad. College can be difficulty especially with everyday life is getting harder to main family life work and financials. Because college is challenging, I know that I have issues that I must overcome. I told myself the more patient s I have the better success I will have. Although college will be difficult my goal isRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pages The day I graduated from high school The High school graduation day is a life full of journeys for everyone, high school life is a memorable time for most people, for me as well. High school can be filled with lots of good memories for some people and it could be filled with bad memories, for me it was both I had good times and I had bad times. The High school Graduation day should definitely be the best day of your life because that means no more high school, no more having to wake up at 6Read MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation854 Words   |  4 Pagesfail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time in their lives where they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university to attend it may be tempting to want to go to a school thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School997 Words   |  4 Pagesup, I loved going to school and dreamed of one day attending college. Attending school every day and receiving good grades had become my top priority from K-12. I excelled from K-8th grade, but entering into high school was completely different than primary school. The atmosphere and environment was new to me, I was free to roam the halls or walk back out the door without any repercussions. This began my downward spiral in high school. My freshman year was by far the best school year for me becauseRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School897 Words   |  4 PagesHigh school was one of the most challenging moments in my life. Not only did I have to deal with the academic pressures and social issues from my peers I had external factors that were heavily impacting me as well. During my junior year my mom separated from her husband and me and my three little brothers ended up staying house to house with close relatives. Shortly after that time at the beginning of my senior year, my mom was sent to prison. In the midst of dealing with all of the demands thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was in high school I had one goal, I would graduate top of my class and go to the University of Florida for pre-medicine, then onto their medical school. I never considered that I would want anything else, so I went to a specialty high school that would allow me to specializ e in Biomedical sciences(STEM) and never even thought about the possibility of a life other than the one I had so precisely planned out for myself. When my nephews were born my sophomore year all of my priorities changedRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1090 Words   |  5 PagesHigh school teachers try to explain what college is like, but it s hard to imagine until you actually start college classes. I ve learned that college has some similarities to high school but overall, it is a completely different atmosphere. Entering college, you will see a major change in the way that you are treated. Unlike high school, you are treated as an adult. Your professors give you the responsibility that you never had before, such as doing your homework or not, allowing you to leaveRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1250 Words   |  5 Pagesif the students in high school are thinking about going to the next level after graduation? Its defiantly one of the best ideas to make and thatà ¢â‚¬â„¢s from my own personal experience. College isn’t for everyone; we all know that saying. But what people don’t understand is how far they can grow in your dreams and careers in the future. Transitioning from high school to college is a big step forward, even though; most students aren’t ready for college but they have amazing high schools that give them everythingRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe most anticipated moment in High School occurs at the start of Junior year; students come to the realization that college is right around the corner, so they must begin their college research. Some High Schools hosts college fairs or college visits which would help students begin their college research. There are many factors that must be considered when choosing the right college such as cost of tuition; location; academics; wide range of majors, and most importantly if you meet the requirements

Essay Stereotyped Characters in To Kill a Mockingbird

The characters of Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird are all different in their own way. Sometimes they can seem like the most infuriating people in the world, but then again they can be helpful, loving, and caring. The citizens of Maycomb County are stereotyped a lot throughout the book. They are labeled as many different things, but some of the stereotypes made aren’t entirely correct. A lot of people in To Kill a Mockingbird stereotype others by the way they look or talk based on what society considers normal. Two of the main characters in the book are stereotyped; Scout and Atticus Finch. Scout Finch, the main character of the book, is a nine-year-old girl who is the narrator of the story. Scout’s Aunt Alexandra stereotypes Scout in†¦show more content†¦Because of what people have heard about Scout, they stereotype that she isn’t ladylike because she acts like a boy and wears overalls. Mrs. Dubose, the Finch’s neighbor, says, â€Å"’†¦what are you doing in those overalls? You should be in a dress and camisole, young lady! You’ll grow up waiting on tables if somebody doesn’t change your ways- a Finch waiting on tables at the O.K. Cafà ©-hah!’†(Lee 135). In this case, Scout is considered a stereotype, but she changes her ways. Scout is confronted with her own stereotypes in the novel but as she grows and learns, she begins to regret her actions. Scout changes her ways throughout the book in order to get rid of the label people put on her. Even though she is still a tomboy at heart, Scout learns how to control her actions and act more like a lady. Atticus Finch, Scout’s father, is also a victim of stereotyping. Atticus decides to help a black man (Tom Robinson) in court. Because of this decision, the people of Maycomb have a set opinion of Atticus Finch. They say that because he is working for â€Å"niggers†, he must be like them. They also say that because he chose to help Tom Robinson, that he doesn’t like white people, and more specifically, Mr. Bob Ewell. One day while strolling back from town, Scout and Jem see Mrs. Dubose. In response to saying hello, Mrs. Dubose says, â€Å"’Yes indeed, what has the world come to when a Finch goes against his raising? I’ll tell you!’ She put her hand to her mouth. When she drew itShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Title of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee997 Words   |  4 PagesTitle of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In the novel to kill a mockingbird Harper lee uses a metaphorical mockingbird to symbolise the different characters and actions within her book and to symbolise why people get the treatment they do and how they dont deserve it. The reader begins to understand the meaning of the title of the book through the personified mockingbird being used numerous times throughout the novel. The use of the Mockingbird is used throughoutRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Justice And Fairness Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pages The Portrayal of Justice and Fairness in a Fictional Society The themes of justice and fairness are coherent in the text â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee. Justice and fairness play a significant role in how the story progresses and what eventually proceeds to the end of the book. In the text, Atticus Finch lives in Maycomb, Alabama with his two kids Scout and Jem. The premise is based on the fact that Atticus is a lawyer and is defendingRead MoreThe United States Department Of Defense2228 Words   |  9 Pagespeople are created equal†, the Pentagon, a national headquarters, discriminated against its employees for their race. Despite being the country’s center for defense, it could not protect itself from stereotyping and prejudice. The novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, highlights the unjustness of discrimination by following the trial of a black man accused of raping a white woman. The story is told from the perspective of two children, Jean Louise (Scout) Finch and her brother Jeremy (Jem)Rea d MoreKill A Mockingbird By Lee Pulitzer1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe prize winning novel, To Kill A MockingBird by lee Pulitzer, has remained amazingly famous since it was distributed in 1960. As a six year old, her encounters were from a grown-up point of view. Jean Louise Finch, who is nicknamed Scout, portrays the circumstances which incorporate her widowed father, Atticus, and his lawful barrier of Tom Robinson, a nearby dark man who was erroneously blamed for assaulting a white lady. In the three years encompassing the trial, Scout and her more seasonedRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Justice1545 Words   |  7 Pagesin To Kill a Mockingbird. Ideally, justice would be blind to race, gender or other differences yet, as shown in To Kill a Mockingbird, it isnt and for the most part, justice is not served. Many innocent characters, or mockingbirds, are subject to the injustice of the prejudice folks of Maycomb County and, consequently, are destroyed. These mockingbirds include, bu t are not limited to, Boo Radley, Tom Robinson, Mayella Ewell and Jem Finch. Very little Justice is served in To Kill a Mockingbird becauseRead MorePrejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Essays1381 Words   |  6 PagesPrejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Works Cited Missing In todays society men, women and children experience prejudice in their lives, either as victims themselves or being guilty of using prejudice towards others due to differences between them. Prejudice is a preconception of a person based on stereotypes without real facts and discriminationRead MoreExamples Of Innocence In To Kill A Mockingbird1316 Words   |  6 Pages In this novel, innocence is represented from all ages yet all still contribute to the mockingbird factor. Charles Baker â€Å"Dill† Harris doesn’t develop and mature throughout the story. In this way, he is seen as a mocking bird because he’s innocent by his childish actions. His childish actions flow throughout To Kill A Mockingbird and he never changes this lifestyle, because that’s all he knows how to do. An example of this is in the court scene when we wasn’t aware of what’s going on, â€Å"Dill leanedRead MoreThe Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd Essay896 Words   |  4 Pagesyoung white girl, in a very racist 1960’s south. The main character, Lily Owens, faces many problems she must overcome, including her personal dilemma of killing her own mother in an accident. Sue Monk Kidd accurately displays the irrationality of ra cism in the South during mid- 1960s not only by using beautiful language, but very thoroughly developed plot and character development. Kidd shows the irrationality of racism through the characters in her book, The Secret Life of Bees and shows that evenRead MoreKill A Mockingbird : Overcoming Stereotypes Reveals Truth About Characters1745 Words   |  7 Pages To Kill A Mockingbird: Overcoming Stereotypes Reveals Truth About Characters During the heart of the Great Depression in Maycomb County, Alabama, an individual s appearance, values, and reputation often are sources of limitation to the categorical minds of society. In Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird, confinement of even the most complex characters expresses the limiting scope of view of the prejudice society. Atticus Finch, a prosperous small-town lawyer and single father of Scout and JemRead More Stereotypes Essay examples970 Words   |  4 Pagesnormal. In the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, Scout, Atticus and Tom Robinson are victims of being stereotyped by others. Each has to cope with being stereotyped. Scout and Atticus have the ability to change their ways in order for people to respect them, unlike Tom Robinson, who is stereotyped as a mutant to the town of Mayberry simply because he is black. For example people are preaching to Scout that she should act like a typical girl. Atticus is stereotyped as a traitor to his people

Importance of Sex Education Essay Example For Students

Importance of Sex Education Essay Let American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out of Debt! Importance of Sex Education HIGH SCHOOLS MUST PROVIDE YOUNG PEOPLE WITH ADEQUATE SEX EDUCATION BECAUSE IGNORANCE CAN BE HARMFUL The largest gulf of understanding still remains between the parents and the youth especially in the area of sexuality. Sex is a natural part of life, and when questions arise, they can be discussed in a matured way without condoning certain behavior. Relying to that, we realize that sex education is important to be inserted in a persons life. Therefore, sex education in high schools is very necessary for youngsters to acquire information, form attitudes, beliefs and values about identity, relationships and intimacy. Sex education also encompasses sexual development, affection, body image and gender roles. In other words, it is about learning how we grow, reproduce and change over the years. It also includes a positive view of sex and the safety involved on sexuality. Regarding to the importance of sex education, I want to state my stand here that I strongly agree that High schools must provide young people with adequate sex education because ignorance can be harmful. Sex education in high schools helps young people to be more prepared for life changes such as puberty, menopause and aging. Sex education can develop skills and self esteem to help students enter adolescence. It helps them in knowing that the sudden few changes are okay and normal. For example, girls would not get shocked, panic and afraid at their first menstruation once they already had the knowledge about it. Young people can also learn to appreciate and recognize their own sex: bodies just as good, beautiful and special as other Gods perfect creations. Moreover, it delivers confidence on them to value themselves and others. Sex education helps them understand the place of sexuality in human life and loving other people. They will learn to enjoy their sexuality, behave responsibly within their sexual and personal relationships. Youngsters are usually very curious to know all new things that came up to them especially abstract things such as sex. Despite that, sex education plays a major role in addressing concerns and correcting the misunderstandings that the youngsters may have gained from sources such as the media and their peers. In addition, they will learn to make decisions that respect themselves and others by taking account the possible consequences. For instance, youngsters will be more matured, responsible and social ills can also be reduced. Furthermore, research had shown that children that are subjected to sex education are more apparent to practice safer sex. Some people might say that sex education could influence premarital marriage, leading to the increment of unwanted pregnancies. Conversely, a survey done in 1987 had shown that girls who were not educated about menstruation and sexual activity were much more likely to become pregnant during their teen years. There was also a statement from the Government Review of National and International Research in London that identified high school sex education as being effective in reducing teenage pregnancies. Based on the facts given, it clearly proves that sex education does not lead youngsters to social ills such as unwanted pregnancies. However, a slight problem might arise since sex education might be a new subject or program in most high schools. Therefore, the program should be planned carefully in conjunction with those who will participate and the parents. The program instructors also ought to receive adequate training and equipped with the required skills and knowledge to support the personal and social development of young people through sex education. Michael Crichton Climate Change Essay This is to ensure the students that are our future generations will be well prepared to stand up against all the unexpected obstacles in their future. After all, Education does not hurt, but ignorant does. Written by, HAZHAR BIN MUHAMAD HANIP Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 15.10.1998 19 years old Social Issues .

Factors Contributing to the Growth of Enterprise and Small Business free essay sample

For example: In USA small businesses represents 99. 7% of all employers, it represents 26% of America’s exports and they create 80% new jobs each year. Growth and success of a business can be measured on many different variables which also includes annual turnover, profit and employment growth. As in other businesses small businesses have been helped by factors which had contributed to its growth. Growth in small businesses has been aided by policy measures by the government which has supported these small businesses, the macro-economic factors, industry factors and firm-specific factors. Having the intention, the ability to setup and grow, getting the right opportunity, easy access to finance, favorable rules and regulations and market conditions which are aimed at small businesses have also led to the growth of these businesses. People are motivated to start their own business where they have greater control of the business, can stay independent , can manage the business in their own way, the financial freedom, the potential income they can earn as their aims are to reach the top of the table, the amount of financial gains they achieve and the joy of winning which is driving factors for the entrepreneurs as it helps satisfy their achievement instincts. Everybody wants to be their own boss and this is also one of the factors for starting up your own business. Lucy Martin, author of â€Å"Make it your Business† said â€Å"Whatever your situation, there is likely to be a combination of ‘push’ factors (propelling you out of current jobs and situations) and ‘pull’ factors (which attract you to self employment)†. Countries with low income or in developing countries more small businesses are being setup because of the push factor as there is a high number of unemployment and people are forced to start-up their own business. In high income countries or developed countries small businesses are increasing due to the pull factor as more and ore people are interested in setting up their own business go become independent. [pic] Sometimes businesses fail or people get frustrated and it is at this time that they need to remind themselves what motivated them to start their own business and this motivation and dedication has led to their growth and success. According to Schumpeter entrepreneur is an innovator as h e/she brings about a change and introduces new technological processes or products and brings in new ideas which are necessary for a business to grow. He also said that only certain people have the ability to become an entrepreneur and to perform extraordinary tasks. Small businesses are the ones that tend to grow faster than large businesses. They indicate higher number of employment growth. Small businesses accounts for more than 50% of the employers in European Economies. France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Germany and UK are the leading economies of the European Union where small Businesses have been thriving for the past two decades and where small businesses accounts for more than 50% of the total employment. In Greece small businesses accounts for as much as 86% of the number of people employed. In 1998, a charter for small business was adopted by European Council which has helped in the huge number of growth in small businesses. Banks are the main source of lending for small businesses and they depend a lot on them for support and cooperation. HSBC was one of the banks which started recognizing small businesses as one of main force in the economy. In UK small business employ about 12 million people so as to recognize and reward these small businesses HSBC launched an award in 1997 Known as â€Å"HSBC small business of the year Award†. HSBC started a new loan program called â€Å"SMALL BUSINESS LOAN† which was quick and easy to arrange loan facility for long term use and had many key benefits. Customers can choose to make their first repayment either one month after taking the borrowing or defer the first repayment until three months after drawing down the loan, Customers had the flexibility to choose the repayment period which was between 12 months and 10 years, the interest rate and repayments will be fixed for the life of the loan. HSBC recently launched a $5 billion working capital fund to ensure small businesses had access to credit during the current economic crisis. In 2008 alone more than 32,000 small businesses have switched to HSBC because of higher lending fees and banks reluctant to extend loans. Growth of small businesses depends on the type of business they are doing, location of the business (a retail shop should be better placed in the residential area) and most importantly the ownership of the business. Governments in some countries (UAE, Saudi Arabia) have gone as far as allocating lands to small business owners; small businesses are encouraged to setup as the government provides 5 years of tax free operation to businesses with potential growth and they provide financial assistance with low interest rates as well as assign a team to monitor the growth of the businesses. Rental and electricity charges are lower for small firms and the government is also getting small construction businesses to get involved in the construction industry by giving them subcontracts for some of the projects. In UK the government started a programme called â€Å"The Business Support Simplification Programme (BSSP)† which aims to make it easier for small companies and entrepreneurs to understand and access government funded grants, subsidies and advice with which to start and grow their businesses. Small Businesses were given incentives and taxes were lowered so as to help them setup. Setting up of this programme had a huge influence on the growth of small Businesses. In March 2008 the Government launched the Enterprise Strategy. The Strategy’s vision is to make the UK the most enterprising economy in the world and the best place to start and grow a business. It was designed to unbolt the entrepreneurship talents in UK, provide a boost to enterprise knowledge and skills, support new and existing small business getting access to funding for start-up and growth and decrease the burden of regulations in place particularly for small firms. The government wants a culture of enterprise and business innovation which will have a great effect on the economic growth. This new strategy has strengthened the Government upport to small businesses and has allowed SME’s to set up more easily and with a proper regulatory body monitoring the growth. Small Businesses are flexible, more focused, specialized and creative and these are some of the reasons why there is an increase in the number of small businesses . Flexibility is what drives some people to start their own business. For example: (if a person is exper t in any subject, field or have some extraordinary skills he/she can work as a consultant where the work timings are set by him/her self and the amount of time spent also). Growth in business demands creativity. It is what will separate you from the competition. A business had to be different as this is the best way to create awareness. Being different and greater creativity are also the factors which has influenced the growth of small businesses. Being innovative and inventing new things is also a factor which drives people to start their own business. People would have some different business idea of doing something in a different way and this leads to creativity and innovation. Small businesses are easy to setup as the cost of starting up is not very high. Government supports the setup of small business because they want to break the monopoly in the market and there will be a decrease in the number of unemployed as more and more people will become self-employed. Lower opportunity cost also attracts people towards entrepreneurship. Economies with high unemployment can be pushed towards entrepreneurship. Examples are Brazil and India. Some people would like to pursue a particular desire or hobby so they enter in to entrepreneurship, it can be leisure driven and it gives flexibility to the owner as there can be work-life balance. More and more specialized people are starting their own business in the field they specialize as they can deliver better services and products. Specializing in a particular product or service gives you the upper hand in the market you are in as you will have the skills and knowledge of the product you are manufacturing or selling. Specialization has also led professional people or extra ordinary skilled people in to starting up their own business. Gaining inspiration from famous entrepreneurs have also led to the factor that people are ready to start up their own business thinking one day they might be like Donald Trump, Hugh Heffner or Richard Branson. Becoming famous and wanting to be recognized in the world is also a strong feeling which had pulled people towards entrepreneurship as there is a strong desire attached with it to pursue their perceived goals. Gaining fame and recognition is one of the strong factors which have led people to start their own business. In general, I conclude by saying that small businesses have been growing because they thrive for independence and the owners usually have a feel good factor while running their own business. It gives them a chance to show the level of creativity in them as they won’t be able to do so while working in other companies. Small Businesses are the key to innovation and without their support the economy would fail drastically. Growth of Small Businesses can be affected due to the current economic crisis but government and banks should support and back small businesses to survive this crisis. Banks like HSBC are already committed to supporting small businesses in this economic crisis and as more and more people getting unemployed governments should give incentives and grants and promote the setup of new businesses and provide assistance and advice on main issues surrounding the small businesses. Small Businesses are not always successful but having proper business idea and creative mind plus knowledge of market will help the entrepreneurs in getting their business on the right track. As SCHUMPTER proposed that it was the exceptional creative drive of independent entrepreneurs that led to the introduction of radical new products and the creation of new industries. This radical drive to invent, innovate and create something which is new to everyone has been one of the major factors in the growth of Small and medium sized businesses (SME’s).

Sample Bio Essay - Developing Your Personal Characteristics

Sample Bio Essay - Developing Your Personal CharacteristicsThe first half of the essay should concentrate on the development of his or her personal qualities. This can be done by writing about how he or she grew from being a very small child to a young man or woman, or vice versa. The bio summary will discuss that person's family background, his or her education, and his or her achievements and flaws. This part of the essay should be at least a one-page synopsis of the life of the person.In the bio summary, the student should spend a good deal of time on explaining how she got where she is today. This is a great opportunity for the student to explain how she got through tough times such as those that he or she encountered in life. It is also a great opportunity to explain how she managed to handle the difficult situations in her life. Sometimes these aspects are included in a story, such as one in which the student lived through the hardship of becoming a single mother and then worki ng her way through to become a mother of three children and an English teacher.Next, the student should describe how he or she came to college. By using some interesting anecdotes or personal stories, the student can flesh out his or her real life experience. Since this may not be a story, the student will have to make some connections to other real life issues. The details should include the location, the classes and study materials the student attended, how many years the student had to graduate from college, and how much money the student had to pay for tuition. These details are important for showing how the student made a remarkable academic achievement.Finally, a sample of a biographical essay is a good thing to write. However, it is very difficult to write one that is short enough to fit on a one page bio summary. Even if a student wants to do so, there are many important aspects that need to be mentioned. To avoid these problems, the student should spend a considerable amoun t of time thinking about his or her own personal experiences and then add this to the body of the bio summary.To ensure that this sample bio summary is written accurately, a careful writer needs to take into account the quality of the essay. He or she should ensure that there are no spelling errors or grammatical mistakes, and that the grammar of the article is correct. A quick way to check whether the writing is the kind of bio summary that is apt for a high school or elementary school age student is to look at the length of the paragraphs. If the bio summary is more than one or two sentences long, it may be a sign that the student is not ready to write for a college-level essay.In addition, any biographical essay should be able to reach the college level. Since the basics of grammar, spelling, and punctuation are already taught at school, it is not necessary for the student to add any extra lessons on these subjects. Since these students write so well on their own, they know what they need to do and how to do it, so writing a bio summary is easy for them.Finally, when writing a sample bio summary, the student should not stress too much on the technical aspects of writing, but use it as a chance to touch on the personal side of the student. The main purpose of writing the bio summary is to give a brief description of the student's life and education, which can be written on a one- or two-page bio summary. When a student uses this as a 'word bank' for information about the student, the bio summary can then be used to explain the rest of the material in the rest of the essay.

Divine Dialogues Comparing Job And Arjuna Essays - Book Of Job

Divine Dialogues: Comparing Job And Arjuna There is a distinct significance for humans forming a relationship with a higher being. To some, it may to be to establish a sense of self-gratification whereas to others it may be a form of help on their road to success. In either instance, forming the relationship helps in characterizing each person whether it is through personal dialogue or individual growth. The Book of Job and the Bhagavad-Gita are two texts that explore the characterization of two men under the instruction of a deity. By examining the significance of talking to the deity, Job and Arjuna are characterized through their relationship with the deity, personal spiritual quest, and learning of nature of the divine power. The Book of Job tells a story of an upright man who had complete faith in God. He was tested by this divine power in order to increase his faith and steadfastness. Job was one of God's most promising servants. Job proved his devotion through the trails he encountered. He was first stripped of his animals, servants, sons and daughters. Job still showed his faithfulness and he blessed the name of the Lord. He accepted what God allowed by saying Naked I came out of my mother's womb, and naked I shall return thither: the Lord gave and the Lord hath taken away (Norton Anthology, 72). Although God was pleased with Job's response, he tested him once more with the destruction of his health. His body was covered with sores from the crown of his head to the soles of his feet. Yet he still believed God to be true and just and he sinned not. Job's friends and wife tried to sway him from his beliefs, telling him to repent for he had to have offended God in some way. He knew that he had not rebell ed against God and couldn't understand why he was being punished. Job was a humble man and did not question God for his acts but requested reasoning behind it. Their conversation was very significant in this story. It was through them that Job learned that God is omnipotent and his wisdom supersedes all. Through his trials, Job became stronger. Arjuna had a different relationship with his divine power in Bhagavad Gita. He was more forward than Job. He questioned Krishna about his purpose as a discipline man because of his lack of understanding. The significance of their conversation was to teach Arjuna how to perform an action in the spirit of sacred duty through self-discipline. He was given instruction to go into battle and fight against his kin in order preserve the world. Krishna explained to him that he had to be disciplined in self and action. He told Arjuna that action is far inferior to the discipline of understanding and he could find a sense of safety in the knowledge of knowing that (Norton Anthology, 618). Arjuna questioned Krishna's words whereas Job lived by God's. He did not have as much faith in his deity as Job. Discipline over himself and his actions would sustain Arjuna more as a human. If he had control over his mind and thoughts, then he would have control over his sins. Arjuna's relationship with his d eity differed from Job's because he didn't have to suffer as Job did. He grew a bit more understanding but not as much as Job. Both Job and Arjuna were characterized by their personal achievements. Job's spiritual quest was to ultimately enter into the house of the appointed for all living (Norton Anthology, 77). In achieving his goal, he remained humble and said that he would wait until his change comes. During his journey as a servant of God, he inquires of his sufferings that he was unworthy of. God revealed himself to Job through his wisdom of creation as the Almighty, whose deeds could not be matched. Job admitted and accepted his misunderstandings of God's works and was abundantly blessed for his devotion. His trials made him stronger and increased his dedication to God. He achieved his goal because of his faith and reverence of God. Arjuna's spiritual quest was to advance to emancipation of the spirit (Norton Anthology, 612). He was doubtful in

Social Administration Social Welfare Essays

Social Administration Social Welfare Essays Social Administration Social Welfare Essay Social Administration Social Welfare Essay Wong. S. L. p. 53. Indicators of social development, Hong Kong 1988. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies) also found that Chinese people in Hong Kong were reluctant in seeking assistance from the government. Over 90% of them will solve the trouble by their own, seek help from relatives and friends but not any NGOs nor from the government. As suggested by Lee, these findings are â€Å"consistent with the syndrome of utilitarianistic familiam: the larger society and the polity are kept at a distance while familial groups are relied on as the principal agents for safe-guarding and furthering one’s interests. Chow(1986) further explained that. The development of social welfare was largely ‘a history of charitable effort’. Religious organizations like Church World Service, Catholic Relief Services, Lutheran World Services; indigenous organizations like Tung Wah Group of hospitals and the Po Leung Kuk became the main providers of social welfare. There were also some mutual aids associations like clansmen associations, mutual aids societies and locality associations which provided help for destitute members by collecting subscriptions from those who were more fortunate. Their effort was mainly concentrated on relieving the very poor and their dependent members. Self-reliance People would satisfy their basic needs by their own effort rather than with government assistance, unless they tried their best effort and failed. The ideas of â€Å"no one should depend on the welfare system for more than is necessary† and â€Å"welfare should be earned by one’s effort† are further supported by the study conducted by Lau in 1990. (â€Å"Indicators if social development. Hong Kong 1990†. ) In the study majority (over 40%) of the respondents agree that welfare services should go to the most needed. Only 3. % of the respondents think that welfare should be distributed on a charity basis. Referring to the survey conducted by Lee Ming Kwan in 1988 (table 2. 4), almost half of the respondents claims that they would solve it by their own effort in case of they or their families run into financial difficulties. In contrast, only about six pe rcent of them claim that they would seek help from relevant government departments. The finding indicates that Hong Kong Chinese in general tend to put great emphasis on one’s own effort in times of adversity. This conclusion is also consistent with the findings by Lee Ming Kwan in 1990. In the survey, people were asked to identify their source of help that they would most frequently resort when there were needs in eight areas. According to the figures collected(table 2. 5), when the family was troubled by financial problems, 27% of the respondents would seek help from oneself while none of the respondents would seek help from social services. When difficulties occurred in work or career, over 45% of the respondents would work them out by oneself. In general, close kin, relatives, neighbors, workmates and friends had all been active in the respondent’s help-seeking network. Table 2. 5- persons from whom one sought help (%) (extract) | |When there was someone |When the family was |When difficulties |When one was upset and |When one needed advice or | | |sick in the family |troubled by financial |occurred in work or |needed someone to talk |information on certain | | | |problems |career |to |matters | |Oneself |45. 3 |27 |46. |20. 4 |13 | |Spouse |20. 4 |20. 6 |9. 5 |27. 3 |10. 2 | |Children |5. 5 |7. 6 |0. 9 |2. 4 |4. 3 | |Parents |13 |17. 1 |3. 7 |1. 9 |2. 4 | |Spouse’s kin |2. 6 |0. |0 |0. 2 |0. 4 | |Siblings |5. 5 |5. 7 |2. 8 |1. 9 |4 | |Other relatives |0. 7 |1. 9 |4 |0. 7 |1. 4 | |Workmates |0 |0. 7 |0 |1. 4 |5. 2 | |Neighbors |0. |0 |4 |0. 7 |0. 9 | |Friends |0. 4 |10 |1. 8 |33. 2 |39. 4 | |Buying services |0. 5 |0 |0. 4 |0 |1. 7 | |Social services |1. 4 |0 |0. 9 |0. 2 |1. | |Others |0. 7 |0. 5 |0. 4 |1. 2 |1. 7 | |Don’t know/ not |4. 7 |8. 1 |9. 3 |8. 6 |14. 7 | |applicable | | | | | | Other Reasons Living under ‘borrowed time and borrowed place’, the young people stroke no roots in Hong Kong. As people came to make money and went away all the time, Hong Kong people felt that there was no need to care for the well being of others who just happened to be living in the same community for a while. A short term horizon was developed as a result. People were generally reluctant to commit resources to uncertain long term future. Welfare programmes thus lacked long term goals. As a highly commercialized and industrialized society, Hong Kong has often been described as a city where no one is concerned about the well-being of other people. As upward social mobility through political channel was blocked under British colonial rule, people could only place emphasis on economic pursuits. They were thus often characterized to be highly egoistic, materialistic and pragmatic. A lukewarm attitude towards the government and other matters outside personal orbit was shared among majority of Hong Kong people. The better-off class was unwilling to share resources with the poor. Fighting for more social benefits from the government was something undesirable as this might disrupt order and stability. They just wanted to maintain the status quo. ) Changes in people’s values and attitudes towards social welfare Political change – democratization and the change of sovereignty Hong Kong has been undergoing a gradual process of democratization since the 1970s. There was the first election of District Board in 1981. Before 1985, members of Hong Kongs Legislative Council received executive appointment. They served as an advis ory body for the colonial governor and had no power to introduce legislation or overturn acts of the executive. The British colonial government began to introduce democratic reforms into Hong Kongs legislature after the signing of the Joint Declaration in 1984. Beginning in 1985 these representatives were elected by professionals from functional constituencies. It was not until 1991 that any part of the legislature was elected directly through geographically defined constituencies. After 1989 Tiananmen Massacre in Beijing, Governor Patten was sent to Hong Kong to further accelerate the democratization process. The voting age was lowered and the number of voters selecting LegCo seats through indirect elections was raised. Under such reforms, Hong Kong people have become more politically socialized. Through the experience of election and political participation, the Hong Kong people have become more aware of their rights, including their right to social welfare. The change of sovereignty in 1997 also contributed to an increasing social expectation on the government. The handover has enhanced sense of belonging among the Hong Kong people and they now expect their own government to be more responsive to their needs. It is submitted that the introduction of the Principle Official Accountability System is also another reason for the rise of expectation on the government. Breakdown of traditional family system Nowadays, the family system is losing most of its traditional functions. With high percentage of old people, increasing number of young mothers going out to work, escalating incidence of divorce and higher number of domestic violence reports, family may no longer be acting as an institution where emotional, social and financial support can be provided. Instead, the family is now shedding most of its responsibilities on the society and people expect more from the government. Also, with the change in family structure and increasing economic difficulties, some problems may be so burdensome that is beyond what a family can handle. Many look to government for help as a result. . Economic difficulties The Hong Kong society is facing many challenges today. Economic restructuring, rapid ageing population and erosion of family functioning are some of the biggest challenges identified by the Hong Kong Council of Social Services. The new mode of business operation due to technological globalization causes structural job displacement and leads to high rate of unemployment. The ageing of baby-boomed generation increases financial burden of the family and our society. According to a survey conducted by the Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, 59. % respondents considered social cause as the reason for poverty. Only 14. 2% considered individual problem as cause of poverty. As most people believe that it is not their fault or laziness which makes them poor, they expect the government to give them more help. It should be noted that not only the grassroots, but also the middle class has adopted a more active attitud es towards public affairs. In the past, the middle class as a whole seldom took up class-specific issues through collective action. However, many middle class families now find that they no longer have a secure future to look to. Some are even suffering negative equity. In the July 1st parade, the middle class was actually the backbone of the protest. This shows that the middle class is no longer apathetic with social issues now. More aware of rights as a citizen People become more aware of their rights as citizens and their social awareness were increased, more attention have been given to the issues on welfare services and social policy. According to the study conducted by Wong Chack-kie in 1993 (indicators of social development Hong Kong 1993), public welfare represents a contract of rights and duties among citizens of a society, and the Government’s welfare responsibility is supported. Table 3. 1. Government’s welfare responsibility (%) | |disagree |average |agree |Don’t know | |1. providing medial care for the sick |2. 1 |5 |91. 1 |1. 8 | |2. providing care for the elderly |3. 3 |6. 5 |88. 1 |2. 1 | |3. providing financial subsidy to university students |2. 4 |5. 9 |87. 8 |3. | |from low income families | | | | | |4. reducing the gap between rich and poor |10. 7 |6. 2 |75. 3 |7. 7 | |5. improving living standards of single-parent |13. 6 |11 |70 |5. 4 | |families | | | | | |6. providing unemployment benefits |14. |11 |69. 8 |4. 5 | |7. providing subsidies to new immigrants from mainland|65. 5 |12. 2 |14. 9 |7. 4 | |China | | | | | This change is largely brought about by political factors which made public opinions more reflected. Political parties in the 90’s joined the legislative council and exerted pressure on government’s social policy formulation. People were taken part into the vote as the legislation of social policy was opened to the public, so people’s awareness of the rights to receive social welfare services were raised. In addition, democratic parties’ campaigns encouraged the development of social welfare. For example, in 1991, â€Å"one man one vote† was realized and eighteen members were directly elected in the Legislative Council. More issues related to social welfare policy were being discussed in the Legislature afterwards. The set up of the District Board also encourage the expression of opinions towards public welfare. The responsibilities of the District Board is to advice the District Management Committee on the well being of district residents and on the provision and use of public services and the priorities of government programs. Citizens who had lived in Hong Kong for seven years would have the right to vote and elect their representatives to reflect their ideas on the government’s social welfare policy. Although the District Board had a limited authority and no power to the legislation of the social policy, the public could express their opinions through the District Board. Members of the District Board gave vote to the problems and needs, which are uppermost in the minds of the people of the District. It made suggestions for improvement of social welfare. For the sake of receiving better social welfare services, people would voice out their opinions and suggestions. Growing demand on quality social services provided by the government After the change of sovereignty in 1997, people have higher expectations on the government and are more demanding in terms of social services provision. After the 1st July 1997, Hong Kong became the special administrative region (SAR) of China and the British colonial government no longer holds the sovereignty. The government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) announced that social welfare, including the extent of education, housing and elderly care, would be carried out efficiently in order to improve peoples’ life. In the past, people felt helpless under the colonial ruling and the self-reliance id eology was formed. After the transition of sovereignty in 1997, people began to expect more on the government as their â€Å"own government† rather than a government in a â€Å"borrowed time† and at a â€Å"borrowed place†. People are less reluctant in seeking government’s assistance. Hong Kong’s economy has been in decline for some time. After 1997, GDP growth slowed to 2. 3 percent a year, compared to 5 percent previously. Structural unemployment arises due to the offshoring of jobs to low-cost economies, and business process improvements in which redesign of operating processes and IT-enabled process redesign reduce the number pf people that need to be employed. The portion of respondents perceiving â€Å"government assistance† to be the best way in meeting personal needs has almost doubled from 4. 7% to 8. 6% from 1998 to 2001. This drastic increase could partly be attributed to the economic turmoil which disables many in meeting their basic needs, thus turning to the government for assistance under no choice. d) Traditional values towards social welfare that are still commonly uphold Self-reliance and reliance on family The upholding value of self-reliance could be reflected in the survey conducted by C. K. Wong and K. Y. Wong in 1998. Referring to table 3. 3, comparing the figures obtained in 1998 and 2001. For each year, around seventy percent of the respondents have the perception that one’s own effort in the best way in meeting personal needs. The rather stable figures indicate that self-reliance is still a commonly uphold concept among Hong Kong Chinese in general. A survey was conducted by Leung Sai-wing in 1997 to study how people assess the extent of poverty in Hong Kong. A great majority of the respondents chose individual failure from the answer categories as the main reason for Hong Kong Chinese being poor. including â€Å"the poor are lazy and lack of willpower†, â€Å"they do not have good educational qualification†, â€Å"they do not know how to speculate†, â€Å"they have been unlucky†, â€Å"they have unhealthy habits† and â€Å"their children do not support their living†). The one-fourth of respondents choosing â€Å"injustice in society† migh t be attributed to their dissatisfaction with the present institutional arrangement of wealth distribution. Anyway, the majority of them still explain poverty in terms of individual failure, which reflects people’s emphasis on self-reliance. Table 4. 1. Main reasons for Hong Kong Chinese being poor (%) |Because of injustice in society |23. 3 | |Because of their laziness and lack of willpower |22. 2 | |Because they do not have good educational qualification |19. 9 | e) Conclusion There is a value shift of Hong Kong people’s views towards social welfare as comparing to the past. Though people are usually referring social welfare to a narrow definition of providing help to those who are poor and needy, we, in recent years, discover that there has been progress in people’s perception of the term ‘social welfare’. People are trying to interpret the term in a boarder sense. They are also more open-minded towards social welfare and dependency on the government nowadays is more common than before, though we should not overlook the existent of the self-reliance ideology in the mind of many Hong Kong people. There is a growing urge for social assistance particularly due to the worsening of economic condition. It is not surprising that government spending on social welfare has been increasing over years. Thus, it is very true that government’s effort in welfare provision is directly related to people’s attitudes towards welfare. Reference: Lau. S. K. , Lee. lM. K, Wan. P. S, Wong. S. L. (1999, 2001). Indicators of social development, Hong Kong 1997 Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Wong. C. K. , Chow K. Wong K. Y. (1998). The assessment of social welfare policy : the views of Hong Kong people. HK: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Lau. S. K. , Lee. M. K, Wan. P. S, Wong. S. L. (1995, 1998). Indicators of social development, Hong Kong 1993 Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Lau. S. K. (1991). Society and politics in Hong Kong. HK: The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Lau. S. K, Kuan. H. C. (1988). The ethos of Hong Kong Chinese. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press