Literature review theoretical framework - 20677 Words

An Investigation on the Importance of Branding for a Small Independent Boutique Hotel Page 1 of 73 March 2011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In contemporary business environments, small independent organisations are often faced with significant pressures to survive market competitiveness (Abimbola, 2001; Bristow, et, al, 2002; Moroko Uncles, 2009; Wilden, et, al, 2010). Accordingly, in order to compete with prevailing competitors, many businesses employ branding as a key strategy to establish a positive reputation in the marketplace (Abimbola, 2001; Balmer Greyser, 2006; Herstein Gamliel, 2006; Ueno, 2010). Subsequently, Lin, et, al (2010) as well as Souiden, et, al (2006) postulate that further in-depth studies are needed to†¦show more content†¦8 1.4 Limitation of the Study ......................................................................................... 8 1.5 The Structure of the Paper .................................................................................. 9 1.6 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................. 11 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Nature and Purpose of Branding ....................................................................... 11 2.3 The Strategic Role of Branding .......................................................................... 12 2.3.1 Marketing and Brand Equity ....................................................................... 12 2.3.2 Brand Awareness ....................................................................................... 13 2.3.3 Brand Loyalty ............................................................................................. 13 2.4 Branding and Stakeholders ............................................................................... 14 2.4.1Show MoreRelatedStrategies for Linking Theoretical Framework and Research Types879 Words   |  4 Pagessocial and behavioral sciences regardless of disciplines/programs require a rationale or base for conducting research. This rationale/base is often called theoretical framework. A host of researchers have provided varying definitions of theoretical framework (Sekaran, 2000; Camp, 2001; Elliott; 2005, Tuckman, 1999). A theoretical framework is a conceptual model of how one theorizes or makes logical sense of the relationships among several factors that have been identified as important to theRead MoreHow to Write a Thesis Proposal1055 Words   |  5 PagesManabat LITERATURE REVIEW or REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The researcher should give a brief summary of the related studies which have already been done, and he must show their relationship to the present proposed research problem. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Present a critical review of the related research, not just a summary of the findings. Show the relation of the reviewed material to your problem, hypotheses, questions, assumptions, and/or procedures. Basic elements of a LITERATURE REVIEW: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Introduction:Read MoreA Research Study On Tools1342 Words   |  6 Pagesfor more effects on the results than others that have been explored. Therefore, in a review of the literature used in this study the author of this research paper has concluded that all authors other than the one noted used their due diligence to insure the validity of their findings. B4. Evidence Summary According to Kreckle, Catchpole, Bottomley and McCulloch (2008) while conducting their review of literature â€Å"Drug complications and errors are the third most frequent cause of patient harm.† Read MoreAnalysis Of Article Writing Style1068 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization was not clearly delineated. There was an ineffective use of headings. The research question and population sampling were embedded within the text which required the reader to search for these items. There was no Literature Review heading. The review of the literature was discussed within the Introduction section. References were listed throughout the research article. Terms or â€Å"jargon† used was defined and related to public internet social network programs. Definitions were also includedRead MoreEssay CritiqueofResearchStudiesPart11000 Words   |  4 Pagesdone and state the relation between the variables. Literature Review The authors have listed three literature reviews in the article. Two of them were from the nineties and one was from the year 1979. Even though the studies were relevant to the problem and explain a review of the problem and the need for study, they are not up to date. The summary of the literature review is not good enough to get a deeper knowledge about the literature. The authors should have done more elaborated explanationRead MoreApplying the Background and Methodology of the Research Process796 Words   |  4 PagesThe study was properly conducted with well-designed research problem, study purpose, and hypothesis, and a relevant literature review. These elements of a research article enable the researchers to clearly state the need and importance of their study. The elements also help to define the uniqueness of the study. The article addresses the problem of childhood obesity, which is a significant issue in health care. The prevalence of obesity during childhood is on the increase across various parts ofRead MoreLiterature Review - Concept Map716 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction This paper will discuss the literature review section of Adena LeJeune’s 2010 dissertation titled â€Å"Examination of Louisiana Certified Public Accountants Perceived Educational Needs Related to International Financial Reporting Standards† (IFRS). Beginning with the author’s strategy, the learner identifies the theoretical framework and research methodology followed by an explanation of the work’s organizational layout. The next sections explore the levels of analysis used and theRead MoreA Brave New World For International News1419 Words   |  6 PagesJOUR2221 ASSESSMENT ITEM 2 CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON FOREIGN NEWS: Article 1 A brave new world for international news?: Exploring the determinants of the coverage of foreign nations on US Websites. H. Denis Wu. Introduction: With the introduction of the internet news consumption and peoples news consumption has changed significantly, as well as the way in which news organizations provide content to the public. The author of this study seeks to investigate the consumption methods of individualsRead MoreResearch Critique, Part 1: Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction798 Words   |  4 PagesBurnout, and Job Dissatisfaction Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V 06-04-2016 PROBLEM STATEMENT: The broad research problem leading to this study is the belief that nursing shortage in facilities leads to patient safety issues. The review of available literature on this topic shows strong evidence that lower nurse staffing levels in hospitals are associated with worse patient outcomes. Some of these outcomes include very high patient to nurse ratio, fatigue for nurses leading to costly medicalRead MoreApse At The Additional Qualititave Approaches Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pagesgathered information be interpreted and to what extent, rather a generalized subject or specific issue. The study could serve as a recent finding, thus exploring phenomena with non-existent or well define theoretical frameworks. The case study findings will then provide as a theoretical framework for a more precise investigation, to explain why a phenomenon occurs, or serve as the foundation for a new theory (Yin, 2008). Case study research can also be characterized for its rationale and contribution

Persuasive Essay On Hate Speech - 1612 Words

In the name of free speech, hate speech should not be tolerated. Hate speech has devastating effects on the people and communities it is targeted at. Left unchecked hate speech can lead to harmful and violent effects. Over the past few years, the effects of hate speech used on women, homosexuals, ethnic groups and religious minorities have become more and more apparent. Hate speech can be very divisive in many of the situations it is used, depending on who interprets the expression can vary how people react, due to hate speech, not being easy defend when it does not hurt that certain person or community. If left uncheck hate speech can develop into harmful narratives that remain. While hate speech is not against the law, some have begun†¦show more content†¦As of today, the supreme court has interpreted the first amendment to say â€Å"The First Amendment provides no protection for obscenity, child pornography, or speech that constitutes what has become widely known as â₠¬Å"fighting words.† The First Amendment provides less than full protection to commercial speech, defamation (libel and slander), speech that may be harmful to children, speech broadcast on radio and television (as opposed to speech transmitted via cable or the Internet), and public employees’ speech.†(Ruane, Kathleen Ann) with this loose definition in mind many people have begun to think whether freedom of speech should be further limited to several cases seen in recent years such as what happened in Charlottesville, Virginia. Freedom of speech is a privilege in many countries, there are still plenty of countries around the world that do not have nearly as many rights as the United States. The rights given to the American people to freely assemble and speak as they please is not seen in often in countries and is a major advantage given to the American people. It can be a magnificent sight to have a group of people come together and gather to express their thoughts and opinions with the protection of their rights. Based on the opinions of the witnesses or the message being demonstrated by the assembly can change the interpretation and out come drastically. With the ability to freelyShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech: We Must Take a Stand Against Hate Crimes Essay examples1739 Words   |  7 Pagesremained in a coma for several days until slowly slipping away. At his funeral, picketers carried signs saying, God Hates Fags and Fags Deserve to Die. Matthew Sheppard is one of the thousands of victims who have suffered from the form of violence known as hate crimes. Someone commits a hate crime every hour. In the most recent data collection, 2014, a reported 17, 876 hate crimes were committed. This is a national crisis that we cannot allow to continue. Today we will discuss the problemsRead MoreGraduation Speech : A Year Of Writing902 Words   |  4 PagesAfter a year of writing: college entrance essays, scholarship essays, SAT essays, and AP essays I learned to hate writing essays. They were the death of me! During my first semester I avoided them at all costs. I would make an hour long presentation or a scrapbook to express myself so I didn’t have to sit at the computer for an hour and look at that dreaded blank page with the flashing cursor telling me I didn’t have a single word written. My second semester at U of A is when that started to shiftRead MoreHow Dahl Uses Humor in his Books Boy and Georges Marvellous Medicine to Manipulate the Readers Perception of Events that Occur1218 Words   |  5 Pageslaugh until their tummies heart. In the following essay there is going to be looked at how Dahl uses humour in his books Boy and Georges Marvellous Medicine to manipulate the reader’s perception of events th at occur. You can write about anything for children as long as you’ve got humour (Dahl et al., 2014) In Boy, Dahl makes use of humour to change certain events that occurred to be quite serious to be rather humorous. He does this by using persuasive language such as sarcasm, hyperbole, short sentenceRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X As Told By Alex Haley1442 Words   |  6 Pagesinstitutionalized. Malcolm and his siblings were separated and placed in foster homes, and from then, his life began a path of drugs, sex, and crime. It was not until he was imprisoned in 1946, that he decided to make some changes for the better. This essay will assess and discuss those changes whether negative or positive, on a micro, mezzo, and macro level. It will also cover some of the effects of racial prejudice on human behavior, and how society today keeps the ideology of Malcolm X alive. Read MoreMalcolm X : A Man Who Changed American History1453 Words   |  6 Pagesinstitutionalized. Malcolm and his siblings were separated and placed in foster homes, and from then, his life began a path of drugs, sex, and crime. It was not until he was imprisoned in 1946, that he decided to make some changes for the better. This essay will assess and discuss those changes whether negative or positive, on a micro, mezzo, and macro level. It will also cover some of the effects of racial prejudice on human behavior, and how society today keeps the ideology of Malcolm X alive. MalcolmRead MoreEthos, Pathos and Logos2053 Words   |  9 Pagesranging from classic essays to contemporary advertisements to see how pathos, emotional appeals, are used to persuade. Language choice affects the audiences emotional response, and emotional appeal can effectively be used to enhance an argument. Logos (Logical) means persuading by the use of reasoning. This will be the most important technique we will study, and Aristotles favorite. Well look at deductive and inductive reasoning, and discuss what makes an effective, persuasive reason to back upRead MoreAnalysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail And Johnathan Swifts Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyzing the texts, the reader can tell right away that both authors take very different approaches to their topic. Swift creates this elaborate plan to end poverty in Ireland by selling children to the upper class for food. It is an extremely satirical essay using irony and logic to try and sway the reader towards his absurd idea, but even goes as far to say that it is not against the hierarchy to do something so extreme, â€Å"And besides, it is not improbable that some scrupulous people might be apt to censureRead MoreCharacter Deviation In William Shakespeares The Merchant Of Venice848 Words   |  4 Pagesvenice’ which can be a little difficult for people to understand due to the tense of the play, it was considered to capture those who had interests in comedy, plays and acts. The characters that will be used for characterisation and themes for this essay will be, The wealthy heirnesss Potria, the holy christian Antonio and the savage jew shylock. A description of the context of this play is mostly best described in the upsurge comback of Anti-Semitism in england, followed by the death of the queensRead MoreThe Debate Over The Censoring Of Hate Speech Essay1940 Words   |  8 PagesIn the debate over the censoring of hate speech, the opponents conclude that hate speech should be censored for peoples dignity. On the other side of the debate, the supporters conclude that hate speeches should not be censored on college campuses because it takes away students academic freedom. In this essay, I will conclude that we should not censor hate speech on college campuses. The debate between protection of offensive expression and protection of dignity has been an ongoing issue. In theRead MoreMlk Rhetorical Analysis Essay example1178 Words   |  5 Pagesword in this letter. King’s language is more than appropriate to the audience and subject, and his presentation is sincere and fair minded. Immediately noticeable in this essay is the eloquence of the prose. This is one of the methods King uses to present his argument in a non-aggressive style. It helps lay the tone of the essay in an ethical, non-blaming manner. The following opening statement King presents reveals his sincere intentions and response to the very subject that has torn his heart into

The global economy has moved on from the Asian Tigers free essay sample

‘The global economy has moved on from the Asian Tigers; the present and the future of the global economy now lie elsewhere.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? (40 marks) The Asian Tigers, consisting of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, were the second group of countries to develop after World War II, with the first being Japan. The Asian Tigers were able to develop due to a combination of comparative advantages, including partially existing developed levels of infrastructure, good geographical locations with open access to the sea allowing easy exportation, cheap labour and strong government support. The Asian Tigers were most noted for their rise to power in the 1960-1980s, and were able to develop their country at rates unseen anywhere else in the world at that time. They experienced these decades of supercharged growth mainly from large amounts of exports to developed countries and high levels of internal competition. This gave the countries a vast trade surplus, allowing them to re-invest the money in areas such as infrastructure, creating a positive multiplier effect. At the peak of this development in Taiwan, 1/6 of all people in work had set up, and were currently running, their own business. While the Asian tigers still command significant power in the global economy (all are within the top 40 largest economies), many people would argue that the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) are now the main focus of development and the potential superpowers of the future global economy, with all of these economies being within the top 25 largest economies. While all of them have the potential to be global economic superpowers, with some arguing that China with is current rates of 7% growth and a budget surplus of 10% already is, people must remember that these economies are still developing, and, on their own, cannot be the focus of the global economy alone. The developed economies are driving the development of the BRICS economies, with the USA alone buying over $300 billion of exports from China in 2011. Regardless of where the future global economy is situated, it will have to rely on trade links and globalisation from other developed nations. Purely from the size of the BRICS economies, it is true that the BRICS have overtaken the economies of the Asian Tigers, and that the global economy has moved on from the latter. Despite this, one must remember that this does not necessarily mean that the BRICS countries are more developed. Development encompasses many more factors than economical ones, including political, educational and health. Therefore it is entirely feasible to have the BRICS economies being the future of the global economy, while the Asian Tigers remain more developed. Regardless of the current powers of the Asian Tigers, and the current and potential future powers of the BRICS economies, many people would argue that in the future, the future of the global economy will be in the hand of the oil producing countries, mainly OPEC. With oil becoming scarcer in the future and experts expecting it to run out in about 50 years, the immediate future of the global economy will focus on countries willing to export oil. Despite many developed countries investing heavily in renewable resources, China alone invested $300 billion last year, the results are not yet significant enough for oil to no longer be a necessity. Thus OPEC, who holds 79% of the estimated oil reserves, hold a degree of monopoly power over oil reserves, and will dictate the price in the next 50 years – with the potential effects of cost-push inflation and resulting unemployment being felt all over the world. This shows that wherever the central focus of the global economy is located, they will depend upon oil producing nation, with these nations themselves having the potential to become the focus of the global economy, while oil is still a necessity – when oil runs out, or renewables remove the need for oil, the OPEC countries will have almost power or influence. Countries such as Dubai has realised this fact, and have invested heavily in tourism, and thus Dubai is likely to remain a large part of the global economy than Saudi Arabia, for example, another OPEC country which derives 95% of its total revenue from oil exports. These examples show that the focus of the global economy can shift quickly depending on resources, and that countries wholly dependent on one aspect, in this case exports, are unlikely to remain as an important part of the global economy ones its resources have run out/are not needed. Along with the importance and power of the country itself, people must also consider the power and importance of transnational corporations created in the Asian Tigers, especially the South Korean Chaebols (Daewoo, LG, Hyundai and Samsung). These TNCs still play a large part in the global economy, with these brand names being known around the developed and developing world. It is unlikely that any TNCs from currently developing economies will be able to rival these existing TNCs because of set-up costs and levels of technology needed to produce products which are on par with existing ones. Equally, the existing TNCs have the advantages of brand loyalty and economies of scale which newly formed companies will not yet have. In this respect, certain features of the Asian Tigers are heavily linked to, and will continue to play a large part in the future of the global economy. As well as the TNCs, each Asian Tiger is able to specialise in certain products and services. South Korea specialises in microchips, and has the specialisation and levels of technology to compete with the rest of the world on this front. It is unlikely that any developing or developed countries would try to compete in this market, as South Korea already benefits from economies of scale and large amounts of existing technology to produce these items. If the rest of the world wants to compete, and command a place in the world economy, they either need to invest in research and development, to produce a produce which will be superior to ones already being produced, or focus on mass produced items for a cheaper price than is currently available. Therefore, I would argue that the Asian Tigers still hold a strong place in the global economy, but the future will be more focus on countries which are able to produce new goods which are sustainable. Brazil is currently investing large amounts of money in renewable fuels, and produced 81% of the world’s Biofuel in 2011. Brazil is likely to become one of the major economies in the next 10 years or so, not just in size (currently the world’s sixth largest) but in importance to the development of the rest of the world. It is the only country to have a combination of significant growth, a balanced budget and a continuously diminishing wealth gap, suggesting its future power and importance once it has solved its debt problem of $400 billion. In some cases, it can be easily argued that the world has moved on from the BRICS economies. India is famous (or infamous) for its call centres. Firms initially outsourced these services to India because of its many comparative advanta ges including the second largest English speaking population in the world (after the USA), an average of 60% lower wages and a low income tax rate of about 8-10%, all of which make outsourcing economical. Despite this, many firms have re-located to the Philippines in the last few years – the main comparative advantages over India being; 30% cheaper wages, easier to understand accents and a strong IT network already in place. The Philippines exported $7.6 billion last year, compared to India’s $7 billion. Thus, in some aspects, the world has even moved on from the BRIC countries, meaning the Asian Tigers are several steps behind, in term of the current hub of the global economy. In conclusion, I believe that the present focus of the global economy is mainly on the BRIC countries because they are the ones likely to be the superpowers of the future. Along with the BRIC countries, the future of the global economy will focus on specific hubs, such as OPEC and the countries which are able to develop and produce future necessities for the world – mainly widely useable renewable energy sources. While the Asian Tigers are still influential in the global economy, and the TNCs originally from them play a large part in driving globalisation, I believe that both the present and future of the global economy will focus on the developing economies, rather than the already developed ones.

Organizational Constraints in Decision Making free essay sample

The organization itself constrains decision makers and thus can create deviations from the rational model. Managers, for instance, shape their decisions to reflect the organizationaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance evaluation and reward system, to comply with the organizationaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s formal regulations, and to meet organizationally imposed time constraints. Previous organizational decisions also act as precedents to constrain current decision. Performance Evaluation Managers are strongly influenced in their decision making by the criteria on which they are evaluated.If a division manager believes that the manufacturing plants under his responsibility are operating best when he hears nothing negative, we shouldnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be surprised to find his plant managers spending a good part of their time ensuring that negative information doesnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t reach the division boss. Similarly, if a college dean believes that an instructor should never fail more than 10% of her studentsaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ to fail more reflects on the instructoraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to teachaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ we should expect that instructor who want to receive favorable evaluations will decide not to fail too many students. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Constraints in Decision Making or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reward systems The organizationaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reward system influences decision makers by suggesting to them what choices are preferable in terms of personal payoff. For example, if the organization rewards risk aversion, manager are likely to make conservative decisions. From the 1930s through the mid-1980s, General Motors consistently gave out promotions and bonuses to managers who kept a low profile, avoided controversy, and were good team players.The result was that GM managers became very adept at dodging tough issues and passing controversial decisions on to committees. Formal Regulations All but the smallest of organizations create rules, policies, procedures, and other formalized regulations in order to standardize the behavior of their members. By programming decisions, organizations are able to get individuals to achieve high levels of performance without paying for the years of experience that would be necessary in the absence of regulations.And of course, in so doing, they limit the decision makeraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s choices. System aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Imposed Time constraints Organizations impose deadlines on decisions. For instance, department budgets need to be completed by next Friday. Or the report on new- product development has to be ready for the executive committee to review by the first of the month. A host of decisions must be made quickly in order to stay ahead of the competition and keep customers satisfied. And almost all important decisions come with explicit deadlines.These conditions create time pressure on decision makers and often make it difficult, if not impossible, to gather all the information they might like to have making a final choice. Historical Precedents Decisions arenaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t made in a vacuum. They have a context. In fact, individual decisions are more accurately characterized as points in a stream of decisions. Government budget decisions also offer an illustration of our point. Itaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s common knowledge that the largest determining factor of the size of any given yearaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s budget is last yearaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s budget. Choices made today, therefore, are largely a result of choices made over the years. The inference is that these organizational constraints inhibit fresh ideas and decisions in view of the past actions. It is possible that the new ideas could have outperformed the old methodology but the managers are not willing to take a high risk due to fear of failure which may antagonize the top management. That is how the organization acts as a constraint.